This paper presents the development of an elastic model for particulate materials based on micromechanics considerations. A particulate material is considered as an assembly of particles. The stress–strain relationship for an assembly can be determined by integrating the behavior of the interparticle contacts in all orientations and using a static hypothesis which relates the average stress of the granular assembly to a mean field of particle contact forces. Hypothesizing a Hertz–Mindlin law for the particle contacts leads to an elastic nonlinear behavior of the particulate material, we were able to determine the elastic constants of the granular assembly based on the properties of the particle contacts. The numerical predictions, compared to the results obtained during experimental studies on different granular materials, show that the model is capable of taking into account both the influence of the inherent anisotropy and the influence of the stress-induced anisotropy for different stress conditions.